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The best way to properly care for your pet’s oral hygiene is to brush their teeth daily. Just like us, our pets develop plaque on their teeth which, if not removed, can lead to oral health problems. There are bones and special treats that can help promote oral health, but the best way to clean your pet’s teeth is by brushing them. It may take some time for your dog or cat to get used to the idea of having their teeth brushed, but they can be eased into it. You can start by letting them taste the toothpaste from your finger. There are special veterinary toothpastes made in flavors like chicken that appeal to animals. Once they get used to the toothpaste you can begin by brushing 1-2 teeth to introduce them to the sensation. After a few cleanings your pet will probably start to enjoy the brushing and will be happy to let you do it. Along with the special toothpaste a special toothbrush should be used with soft bristles and a long handle so you can reach the teeth in the back of your pet’s mouth.
A high percentage of cats and dogs will experience periodontal disease during their lives, and the risk increases as they get older. Periodontal disease affects the gum and supporting structures of the teeth. Left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss and bone loss in the jaw. Periodontal disease is also related to other health issues, such as heart disease. It is important to have regularly scheduled teeth and gum cleanings for your pet.
Many people think that it is normal for a dog to have bad breath, but that is not the case. Bad breath is caused by bacteria in the mouth that create byproducts that contain sulfur. Regular home cleanings accompanied with scheduled professional cleanings will help to prevent bad breath and the bacteria that cause it.
Heartworms are a parasite that attacks your pet’s heart. They are usually transmitted by a bite from an insect that is carrying the parasite. If heartworms are left untreated they can cause serious heart problems. There are preventative medicines available, like Heartgard, to keep your pet from being infected with heartworms. Your pet should start taking this medication at around 2 months old.
Kennel cough is an upper respiratory infection caused by either bacteria or a virus. It can cause a harsh dry cough in your dog that can last for a few weeks. It is very contagious and is commonly transmitted in environments where there are many dogs in one place, like a kennel. Most kennels require that your dog is vaccinated for their safety and the safety of the other dogs.
We recommend talking to one of our veterinarians about when the best time to spay and neuter your pet is based off their specific breed and health concerns.
Yearly blood workups should be performed to check for any infections or diseases. It is an easy test to perform and can be done at the same time we do the routine heartworm check. This will help ensure that your pet is healthy, or catch any problems at an early stage so they can be treated effectively.
The first rabies shot your dog or cat receives is good for one year, and each booster shot will last 3 years.
Obviously our pets can’t tell us where they hurt, but there are some signs to look for. If you notice a change in your pet’s behavior (fatigue, depression, change in appetite, increased aggression, etc.) your pet might be in pain or have another physical problem. Your pet may also favor a certain part of their body or limp if they are injured. You should consult your veterinarian if you notice any of these signs so that they can determine the source of your pet’s pain.
Your kitten is probably just adjusting to their new surroundings. They can hold their urine and bowel movements for about 3-4 days when they are nervous or unfamiliar with their surroundings. If they exceed 3-4 days without relieving themselves, or display other abnormal behavior, you should consult your vet to see if there is a deeper health problem.
We have all seen cats lapping up milk in cartoons or old TV shows, but this is not healthy for them. Milk cannot be properly digested by most cats and it can lead to diarrhea or other gastrointestinal problems. If your cat accidentally drinks some milk there is no need to worry, but you should not regularly give your cat milk to drink.
Pets Welcomed – Travel tips, lodging, and more!
Travel Pets – Pet friendly lodging worldwide
Fido Friendly – The Travel Magazine for your Dog
Bring Your Pet – Pet friendly lodging, accommodations, and services
Pet Travel – Worldwide travel guide for pet owners
Dog Friendly Travel – A guide to traveling with your pets
Hot Dog Holidays! – Holidays for you and your best friend
Pet Friendly Hotels – Directory of Hotels that allow pets
American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)
American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP)
American Board of Veterinary Practitioners (ABVP)
American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM)
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)
European Society of Feline Medicine (ESFM)
Congratulations! You are about to embark on a fun and rewarding journey of raising a puppy! Whether you are experienced with dogs or a first-time dog owner, this information will supply you with the most current information and advice about how to raise your new family member. If you have any questions during or after your visit, please feel free to ask one of our doctors or technicians. We are here to help!
VACCINES
CORE VACCINES: These vaccines are strongly recommended for your dog.
DAPP Vaccine (Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), Adenovirus, Parvovirus, & Parainfluenza): This combination vaccine protects against the most common and contagious viral diseases in dogs. Canine Distemper and Parvovirus are both serious and often fatal diseases affecting multiple organ systems requiring lengthy hospitalization and usually a guarded prognosis. Vaccination against Adenovirus Type 2 virus protects against canine hepatitis; and, vaccination against Parainfluenza helps protect against tracheobronchitis. Typically, vaccination starts at 8 weeks of age and continues every 3-4 weeks for a series of 3-4 injections, followed by a booster a year later. Adults with previous vaccination need revaccination every 3 years. A puppy can start going outside 7-10 days after the 2nd dose of DAPP for dog walks and classes but it may not visit parks/runs until vaccine series is completed.
Rabies Vaccine: Rabies virus can be transmitted to mammals including humans usually through bite wounds from an infected animal. Most commonly infected animals in Nebraska are skunks and bats. Nebraska law requires vaccination of dogs since it is one of the few deadly diseases pets can transmit to humans. If an unvaccinated pet bites or is bitten, serious consequences may occur including quarantine of your pet at your expense and/or euthanasia. Puppies will need this vaccine after 12 weeks of age, followed by a booster a year later. Adults with previous vaccination need revaccination every 3 years.
Leptospirosis Vaccine: Leptospirosis is caused by a bacteria and is transmissible to people. It is transmitted between animals or people through contact with infected tissue. Indirect transmission occurs through contact with infected tissue. Indirect transmission occurs through exposure of susceptible animals to contaminated water sources, food or bedding. Infection can cause severe life-threatening damage to the liver and kidney even with antibiotics and supportive care. For puppies, a series of two boosters administered 3-4 weeks apart is required for full immunity. Yearly booster vaccines are needed to keep immunity at a proper level.
NON-CORE VACCINES: Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s risk contracting one of these diseases and help you decide whether your pet is a candidate for receiving any of these vaccines.
Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine: If your dog frequents dog parks, dog shows or boarding facilities (or has contact/fence-line contact with dogs who do those things), she will need a Bordetella bronchiseptica (AKA kennel cough) vaccination. This bacterial infection affects the respiratory system, and while usually not life threatening, it can progress into pneumonia. This vaccine does not provide 100% immunity from the disease; however, it will lessen the clinical signs of the disease if your pet is exposed and hopefully speed recovery time. For puppies, a series of two boosters administered 3-4 weeks apart is required for full immunity.
FLEA & TICK PREVENTION
Fortunately, today we have very effective flea and tick preventatives that have a wide margin of safety and are easy to administer. According to your dog’s lifestyle, we recommend the use of monthly topical treatments such as Vectra or oral medications like Simparica. Flea collars, sprays, baths and flea-bombs are generally ineffective and employ harsh chemicals that are irritating and even toxic to your dog.
INTESTINAL PARASITES
Many puppies are born with intestinal parasites from an infected mother in utero, or via milk or feces ingestion. The only way to diagnose them is by microscopic examination of your dog’s feces for the eggs shed by the adult worms. In very large infestations, some adult worms can be observed in your dog’s bowel movements or after he vomits. Dewormers can be given orally but first we need to diagnose which parasites your puppy has. We recommend dropping off a fecal sample for analysis of parasites upon acquisition of your new puppy.
SPAYING & NEUTERING
Aside from the very real pet overpopulation problem, there are some valid health reasons for spaying female dogs. Spaying your dog will not change her personality, and there is no benefit to letting a dog “have just one litter”. Additionally, it is a myth that spaying your dog will cause her to gain weight. There are numerous benefits to spaying your dog including:
Eliminates Chances of Pyometritis. Pyometra is an infection of the uterus that is fatal if emergency surgery is not performed immediately. This is a life-threatening condition and creates a great financial expense to the owner.
Decreased Risk of Mammary Cancer. Each subsequent heat brings a greater chance of mammary cancer at a later time.
Eliminates Risk of Ovarian or Uterine Cancer. Spaying a dog involves the removal of the uterus and ovaries. No organs: no cancer; simple as that.
Neuter Your Male Dogs. This is the most proactive step. Neutering is a relatively simple surgery with a quick recovery period. Besides preventing unwanted pregnancies, neutering a male will help mitigate certain problem behavior found in unneutered males, and it will help prevent certain medical conditions too. It will not take away his personality or his “manhood.”
Neutered dogs are less likely to mark their territory by urinating.
Neutered dogs are easier to obedience train and are better family pets.
Neutered dogs will be less likely to try to escape/run away.
Neutered dogs will be less likely to get attacked by other dogs.
Neutered dogs will not be subject to testicular cancer.
Neutered dogs will have a decreased risk of prostate cancer.
HEARTWORM PREVENTATIVE
Heartworms are parasites common to all parts of this country. Adult heartworms are approximately fourteen inches long and live in the heart and main arteries of their adult host. Their mere presence causes obstruction of blood flow and inflammation of the arteries and can be life-threatening if untreated.
Life cycle of heartworms:
Mosquitoes serve as the intermediate host heartworm. When a mosquito feeds on an infected animal, it picks up the first larval stages of the heartworm.
The immature heartworms migrate in the tissues of the final host for several months before entering the blood stream and traveling to the heart.
The young adult heartworms will reach the heart of their host about 6-7 months after the mosquito first infects the host.
The adult worms mate, produce microfilaria, and the cycle continues. Signs of heartworms
Signs of heartworm disease vary, from no signs at all to signs of severe heart and lung disease. In dogs you may note coughing, exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. Prevention of heartworms Prevention is much safer (and less expensive) for your pet than treatment, and it is simple to do.
Our veterinarians will want to test your adult dog before you start a preventative program. After a negative result is obtained, you may start your pet on a heartworm preventative. Heartworm preventatives kill the immature stages of heartworms before they reach the heart, thereby preventing heart and lung disease from occurring. An added benefit of using a heartworm preventative is that most also kill some common intestinal parasites that can be transmitted to people such as, roundworm and hookworm.
As puppies we recommend Milbegard or Simparica Trio monthly and can transition to the longer-acting ProHeart 6 at 6 months of age. Please ask about pre-booking their first ProHeart injection.
MICROCHIPPING
Even the most experienced and diligent pet owner is at risk for losing their dog. While collars and tags are important and certainly beneficial when worn by your pet, they subject to breaking, fading, becoming scratched, and even falling off. If this occurs, there is no way to determine to whom your dog belongs. Microchipping is a permanent means of identification, and the best possible way of bringing your lost or stolen best friend back to you. A microchip is a rice-grain sized electronic chip enclosed in a glass case that is injected under the skin of your dog using a hypodermic needle. If your dog is ever lost and brought to a veterinary hospital or shelter, one of the first procedures performed is to scan for a microchip. Though no one wants to suffer the heartbreak of losing a pet, microchipping helps to create a happy reunion.
DIET RECOMMENDATIONS:
Here are the diets that we as a clinic feed our own pets:
Royal Canin, Science Diet, Purina ProPlan, iVet
We recommend feeding puppy food up to a year of age.
https://www.adaptil.com/us/Products/ADAPTIL-Junior
https://www.hillspet.com/dog-care/new-pet-parent/guide-to-raising-your-puppy
Congratulations! You are about to embark on a fun and rewarding journey of raising a kitten! Whether you are experienced with cats or a first-time cat owner, this packet will supply you with the most current information and advice about how to raise your new friend. If you have any questions during or after your visit, please feel free to ask one of our doctors or nurses. We are here to help!
VACCINES
CORE VACCINES: These vaccines are strongly recommended for your feline friend.
Panleukopenia is a highly contagious virus that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and low white blood cell count. Since there is no cure for the disease, treatment involves supportive care that is costly and does not guarantee survival. Due to the seriousness of this disease and the rate of contagion, it is included in the “Core Vaccines” that are necessary for all cats whether they are indoor only or go outside. Calici Virus and Rhinotracheitis cause most upper respiratory infections, and are extremely contagious to other cats. Some chronic nasal and oral diseases can also be attributed to the infections. Typically, vaccination starts at 8 weeks of age and continues every 3-4 weeks, until your kitten is over 16 weeks old, followed by a booster one year later. Adults with previous vaccination need revaccination every 3 years.
NON-CORE VACCINES: Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s risk contracting one of these diseases and help you decide whether your pet is a candidate for receiving any of these vaccines.
FeLV/FIV TESTING
Feline leukemia (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are serious viruses that can be transferred from mother to kitten and via bite wounds. We recommend that all kittens be tested for these diseases. Both of these diseases can be in the body and not cause any sickness for months to years and then suddenly make your cat very sick. If you cat is infected but not sick it could potentially infect other cats especially if it goes outside and gets into a fight.
FeLV and FIV both cause problems with the immune system that lead to immune suppression. When the immune system is not working properly it makes your cat susceptible to all types of infectious diseases and even cancer.
FLEA & TICK PREVENTION
Fortunately, today we have very effective flea and tick preventatives that have a wide margin of safety and are easy to administer. According to your cat’s lifestyle, we recommend the use of monthly topical treatments such as Advantage, Frontline or Revolution. Flea collars, sprays, baths and flea-bombs are generally ineffective and employ harsh chemicals that are irritating and even toxic to your cats.
INTESTINAL PARASITES
Many kittens are born with intestinal parasites from an infected mother in utero, or via milk or feces ingestion. The only way to diagnose them is by microscopic examination of your kitten’s feces for the eggs shed by the adult worms. In very large infestations, some adult worms can be observed in your kitten’s bowel movements or after he/she vomits. Dewormers can be given orally, but first we need to diagnose which parasites your kitten has. We recommend dropping off a fecal sample for analysis of parasites upon acquisition of your new kitten.
HEARTWORM DISEASE
Any cat that spends time outside (or in an outdoor enclosure) that is exposed to mosquitoes is recommended to use heartworm prevention. If you live in a heavy mosquito-infested area, even indoor cats are at-risk of contracting it since mosquitoes can fly indoors and bite your pet. Revolution is an easily applied medication that protects cats against heartworm disease but other products are available. More information can be found at: https://www.heartwormsociety.org/heartworms-in-cats
SPAYING & NEUTERING
Spay Your Female Cats. Aside from the very real pet overpopulation problem, there are some valid health reasons for spaying female cats. Spaying your cat will not change her personality, and there is no benefit to letting a cat “have just one litter”. Additionally, it is a myth that spaying your cat will cause her to gain weight. There are numerous benefits to spaying your cat including:
Neuter Your Male Cat.
This is the most proactive step. Neutering is a relatively simple surgery with a quick recovery period. Besides preventing unwanted pregnancies, neutering a male will help mitigate certain problem behavior found in unneutered males, and it will help prevent certain medical conditions too. It will not take away his personality or his “manhood.”
MICROCHIPPING
Even the most experienced and diligent pet owner is at risk for losing their cat. While collars and tags are important and certainly beneficial when worn by your pet, they subject to breaking, fading, becoming scratched, and even falling off. If this occurs, there is no way to determine to whom your cat belongs. Microchipping is a permanent means of identification, and the best possible way of bringing your lost or stolen friend back to you. A microchip is a rice-grain sized electronic chip enclosed in a glass case that is injected under the skin of your cat using a hypodermic needle. If your cat is ever lost and brought to a veterinary hospital or shelter, one of the first procedures performed is to scan for a microchip. Though no one wants to suffer the heartbreak of losing a pet, microchipping helps to create a happy reunion.
LITTERBOX TRAINING
Follow these steps for how to litter train a kitten:
https://www.hillspet.com/cat-care/training/how-to-litter-box-train-a-kitten
https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/common-cat-behavior-issues/litter-box-problems
DIET RECOMMENDATIONS:
Here are the diets that we as a clinic feed our own pets:
Royal Canin, Science Diet, Purina ProPlan, iVet
We recommend feeding kitten food up to a year of age.
Additional resources:
https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/common-cat-behavior-issues
https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/cats-and-babies
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare
https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics
Feline Distemper (1 of 3)
6 months
Play-motivated aggressive behaviors are common in young, active cats less than two years of age, and in cats that live in one-cat households. When cats play they incorporate a variety of behaviors into their play, such as exploratory, investigative and predatory behaviors. Play provides young cats with opportunities to practice skills they would normally need for survival. Kittens like to explore new areas and investigate anything that moves, and may bat at, pounce on, and bite objects that resemble prey. Kittens learn how to inhibit their bite from their littermates and their mother. A kitten that is separated from her family too early may play more roughly than a kitten that has had more valuable family time. In addition, if humans play with a young kitten using their hands and/or feet instead of toys, the kitten is liable to learn that rough play with people is okay. In most cases, it’s possible to teach your kitten or young adult cat that rough play isn’t acceptable behavior.
Encourage Acceptable Behavior
Redirect your kitten’s aggressive behavior onto acceptable objects like toys. Drag a toy along the floor to encourage your kitten to pounce on it or throw a toy away from your kitten to give her even more exercise chasing the toy down. Some kittens will even bring the toy back to be thrown again! Another good toy is one that your kitten can wrestle with, like a soft stuffed toy that’s about the size of your kitten, so they can grab it with both front feet, bite it, and kick it with her back feet. This is one of the ways kittens play with each other, especially when they’re young. It’s also one of the ways they try to play with human feet and hands, so it’s important to provide this type of alternative play target. Encourage play with a “wrestling toy” by rubbing it against your kitten’s belly when they want to play roughly – be sure to get your hand out of the way as soon as they accept the toy. Since kittens need a lot of playtime, try to set up three or four consistent times during the day to initiate play with your kitten. This will help her understand that they don’t have to be the one to initiate play by pouncing on you.
Discourage Unacceptable Behavior
You need to set the rules for your kitten’s behavior, and every person your cat comes in contact with should reinforce these rules. Your kitten can’t be expected to learn that it’s okay to play rough with Dad, but not with the baby.
What Not To Do
Aggression
Kittens can bite or scratch through the skin. In these cases it’s best to seek help from a behavior specialist to work with your kitten’s behavior. Be sure to keep your kitten confined until you can get professional help. Also, be sure to thoroughly clean all bites and scratches and consult your physician, as cat scratches and bites can easily become infected.
Call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 if you think your pet has ingested a toxin.
Aspirin and other pain relievers are in almost every home, and these poisonings can be severe. When aspirin is prescribed for animals, the dosage must be strictly followed. Too much aspirin can lead to anemia and bleeding stomach ulcers. Ibuprofen and naproxen will cause painful gastrointestinal problems.
Never give acetaminophen (Tylenol) to a cat. The drug affects cat’s oxygen carriage in the blood and it produces severe depression. If not quickly eliminated from the body, just two extrastrength tablets in 24 hours will mostly likely kill a small pet. Clinical signs in cats develop within one to two hours and include excessive salivation, paw and facial swelling, depression, and ash-grey gums. High doses are usually fatal.
Neurological poisons can also be present in lawn and garden pesticides, insecticidal aerosols, dips and shampoo products. Signs of toxicity include apprehension, excessive salivation, urination, defecation, vomiting and diarrhea, tremors, seizures, hyper-excitability or depression and pinpoint pupils. If an animal has absorbed enough of any enough of any neurological toxin, sudden death may be the only sign.
Coumarins/Coumadins, most recognizable as D-Con, a rat and mouse poison, affect the ability of the blood to clot. Mice that consume the poisoned grain essentially bleed to death. Your pets will be affected the same way, and the severity of the symptoms often depends on the amount ingested. Cats that eat poisoned mice can also become ill if the levels of poison are high enough. If you find an empty box of rat poison bring your pet into the veterinarian immediately. Tell them about the recent exposure so they can implement the proper monitoring protocols. Additionally, if you see labored breathing, anorexia, nosebleeds, bloody urine or feces and pinpoint hemorrhages on the gums, take your pet to the veterinarian immediately.
Garbage, though often not regarded as poisonous, contains toxins that are produced by bacteria fermenting the garbage. Rapid and severe signs include vomiting, bloody diarrhea, painful abdominal distention, shivering, shock, and collapse. How should pets be protected from these poisons? Some very simple rules to follow are:
Properly dispose of and store all pesticide containers up and out of sight of your pets. Make sure the lids are tight and the containers are undamaged.
What is poisonous? Here is a quick reference guide to the more common house and garden plants and foods that are toxic to most all animals and children. If you have these plants or foods, you need not dispose of them—just keep them away from pets and children. (*Substances are especially dangerous and can be fatal.) If you suspect your animal may have ingested any of the substances on this list or if your pet shows any abnormal behavior (vomiting, diarrhea, staggering, etc), you should contact your veterinarian immediately. Take a sample of the suspected toxin and its packaging with you to the veterinarian.